| Trường DC | Giá trị | Ngôn ngữ |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Agwu Sunday Okoro | |
| dc.contributor.other | Augustine Ujunwa | |
| dc.contributor.other | Farida Umar | |
| dc.contributor.other | Angela Ukemenam | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-01T10:24:13Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-01T10:24:13Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 1961-0020 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://dlib.neu.edu.vn/handle/NEU/58688 | - |
| dc.description | international business administration | |
| dc.description.abstract | Purpose – This paper examines the impact of regional and non-regional trade on economic growth using annual data from Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member countries for the period 2007 to 2017. Design/methodology/approach – Trade data were decomposed into regional (trade among ECOWAS Member States) and non-regional (trade between ECOWAS Member States and the rest of the world). We used the dynamic system GMM to estimate the models and introduced exchange rate, unemployment rate, population growth and gross capital formation as controlled variables. Findings – The results revealed that the estimated coefficient of ECOWAS regional trade is statistically significant and positive in predicting growth, while the non-regional trade coefficient is negative and not statistically significant in predicting growth. Other predictors of growth introduced into the model as controlled variables, such as exchange rate, unemployment rate, population growth and gross capital formation, displayed mixed results. More importantly, population growth, unemployment and exchange rate depreciation hurt economic growth, while gross capital formation promotes economic growth. Practical implications – The findings provide strong support in favour of the Krugman (1991) hypothesis that regional trade agreements (RTAs) are a better alternative to global trade. Originality/value – Our decision to disaggregate ECOWAS trade is unique and influenced largely by the objective of the study, which is to establish the type of ECOWAS trade that is a good predictor of growth. The evidence from our findings support the theory that RTAs are a better catalyst to economic growth. | |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 1. Introduction; 2. Review of related literature; 3. Methodology; 4. Discussion of results; 5. Conclusion and policy implication | |
| dc.format.extent | Khổ 21 x 29.7 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Kinh Tế Quốc Dân | |
| dc.subject | Regional and non-regional trade | |
| dc.subject | Economic growth | |
| dc.subject | ECOWAS | |
| dc.subject | Dynamic panel GMM | |
| dc.title | Does regional trade promote economic growth? Evidence from Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) | |
| dc.type | Journal of Economics and Development | |
| dc.identifier.barcode | 10-1108_JED-10-2019-0039 | |
| dc.relation.reference | Afangideh, U.J., Ujunwa, A. and Ukemenam, A.I. (2018), “ Oil prices, armed conflict and government revenue in Nigeria” , International Journal of Emerging Markets, Vol. 13 No. 5, pp. 1196-1210. Almeida, R. and Fernandes, A.M. (2008), “Openness and technological innovations in developing countries: evidence from firm-level surveys”, The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 44 No. 5, pp. 701-727. Arellano, M. and Bond, S. (1991), “Some tests of specification in panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations”, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 58 No. 2, pp. 277-297. Autor, D.H., Dorn, D. and Hanson, G. (2013), “The China syndrome: local labor market effects of import competition in the United States”, American Economic Review, Vol. 103 No. 6, pp. 2121-2168. Autor, D.H., Dorn, D., Hanson, G.H. and Song, J. (2014), “Trade adjustment: worker-level evidence”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 129 No. 4, pp. 1799-1860. Bassanini, A., Scarpetta, S. and Hemmings, P. (2001), “Economic growth: the role of policies and institutions. Panel data evidence from OECD countries”, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Working Paper ECO/WKP(2009)9, available at: http://www.oecd. org/fr/economie/croissance/34592960.pdf. Beaton, K., Cebotari, A. and Komaromi, A. (2017), “Revisiting the link between trade, growth and inequality: lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean”, IMF Working Paper WP/17/ 46, pp. 1-42. Bergsten, C.F. (1991), “Commentary: the move toward free trade zones, Federal reserve bank of Kinsas city economic review”, available at: https://www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/1991/ S91bergs.PDF. Blundell, R. and Bond, S. (1998), “Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 87, pp. 115-143. Bond, S. (2002), “Dynamic panel data models: a guide to micro data methods and practice”, Working Paper CWP09/02, Institute for Fiscal Studies, Cemmap, available at: http://cemmap.ifs.org.uk/ wps/cwp0209.pdf. Buongiorno, J., Johnston, C. and Zhu, S. (2017), “An assessment of gains and losses from international trade in the forest sector”, Forest Policy and Economics, Vol. 80, pp. 209-217. Chang, R., Kaltani, L. and Loayza, N.V. (2009), “Openness can be good for growth: the role of policy complementarities”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 90 No. 1, pp. 33-49. Chaudhuria, S. and Marjit, S. (2017), “International trade and quality of labour”, International Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 49, pp. 582-595. Economic Commission for Africa (2013), Two Decades of Trade Liberalisation and Market Expansion in Eastern Africa: Towards a New Economic Geography?, available at: https://www.uneca.org/ sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/two_decades_of_trade_liberalisation.pdf. Edward, S. (1992), “Trade orientation, distortions and growth in developing countries”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 39, pp. 31-57. Edwards, S. (1993), “Openness, trade liberaliization, and growth in developing countries”, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 1358-1393. Eberhard-Ruiz, A. and Moradi, A. (2019), “ Regional market integration in East Africa: local but no regional effects?” , Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 140, pp. 255-268. Fenira, M. (2015), “Trade openness and growth in developing countries: an analysis of the relationship after comparing trade indicators”, Asian Economic and Financial Review, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 468-482. Frankel, J.A. and Romer, D. (1999), “Does trade cause growth?”, American Economic Review, Vol. J89 No. 3, pp. 379-399. Fwangkwal, M.P. (2014), “Monetary integration in the ECOWAS, Central Bank of Nigeria Understanding Monetary Policy Series” No. 37, available at: https://www.cbn.gov.ng/out/ 2016/mpd/understanding%20monetary%20policy%20series%20no%2037.pdf. Ghosal, I. (2015), “Trade-growth relationship in India in the pre and post trade agreements regime”, During the 3rd Economics and Finance Conference and 4th Economics and Finance Conference, London, UK, August 25-28, 2015, Procedia Economics and Finance 30, Rome, Italy, April 14-17, 2015, pp. 254-264. Henrekson, M., Torstensson, B. and Torstensson, R. (1997), “Growth effects of European integration”, European Economic Review, Vol. 41 No. 8, pp. 1537-1557. Jouini, J. (2015), “Linkage between international trade and economic growth in GCC countries: empirical evidence from PMG estimation approach”, The Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, Vol. 24 No. 3, pp. 341-372. Kim, D.H. and Lin, S.C. (2009), “Trade and growth at different stages of economic development”, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 45 No. 8, pp. 1211-1224. Krugman, P. (1991), “The move towards free trade zones, Federal reserve bank of Kinsas city economic review”, available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3d58/d21bd45bf38791b390 27561a93b1bf182037.pd. Krugman, P. and Lawrence, R. (1993), “Trade, jobs, and wages”, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 4478, pp. 1-33. Kim, D., Lin, S. and Suen, Y. (2016), “Trade, growth and growth volatility: new panel evidence”, International Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 45, pp. 384-399. Levine, R. and Renelt, D. (1992), “A sensitivity analysis of cross-country growth regressions”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 82 No. 4, pp. 942-963. Levy, F. and Temin, P. (2007), “Inequality and institutions in 20th Century America”, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Papers No. 13106, pp. 1-54. Lucas, R.E. (1988), “On the mechanics of economic development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 3-42. De Melo, J. and Tsikata, Y. (2014), “Regional integration in Africa: Challenges and prospects”, WIDER Working Paper 2014/037. Musila, J.W. and Yiheyis, Z. (2015), “The impact of trade openness on growth: the case of Kenya”, Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 37 No. 2, pp. 342-354. Mwaba, A. (2000), Trade Liberalization and Growth: Policy Options for African Countries in a Global Economy, African Development Bank Economic Research Paper No.60, available at: https:// www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/00157654-FR-ERP-60.PDF. Onyekwena, C. and Oloko, T.F. (2016), “Regional trade for inclusive development in West Africa”, CSEA Working Paper WPS/16/03, pp. 1-24, available at: https://www.africaportal.org/ publications/regional-trade-for-inclusive-development-in-west-africa/. Ourens, G. (2016), “Trade and growth with heterogeneous firms revisited”, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 100, pp. 194-202. Onder, A.S. and Yilmazkuday, H. (2016), “Trade partner diversification and growth: how trade links matter”, Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol. 50, pp. 241-258. Pavcnik, N. (2017), “ The impact of trade on inequality in developing countries” , Paper Presented at the Jackson Hole Economic Policy Symposiu m of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, in August 24–27. Pierce, J.R. and Schott, P.K. (2016), “ The surprisingly swift decline of US manufacturi ng employment” , American Economic Review, Vol. 106 No. 7, pp. 1632-1662. Pierce, J.R. and Schott, P.K. (2017), “Trade liberalization and mortality: evidence from US counties”, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No.22849, Massachusetts, available at: https://www.nber.org/papers/w22849.pdf. Romer, P.M. (1986), “Increasing returns and long-run growth”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 94 No. 5, pp. 1002-1037. Roodman, D. (2006), “How to do xtabond2: an introduction to “difference” and “system” GMM in stata”, Centre for Global Developmental, Working Paper Number 103, pp. 1-51. Roodman, D.M. (2009), “How to do xtabond2: an introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata”, Stata Journal, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 86-136. Roodman, D.M. (2009), “A note on the theme of too many instruments”, Oxford Bulletin of Economic Statistics, Vol. 71 No. 1, pp. 135-158. Sarafidis, V., Yamagata, T. and Robertson, D. (2009), “A test of cross section dependence for a linear dynamic panel model with regressors”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 148 No. 2, pp. 149-161. Sobdersten, B. and Reed, G. (1994), International Economics, 3rd ed., Macmillian Press, USA. Ujunwa, A., Okoyeuzu, C. and Kalu, E.U. (2018), “Armed conflict and Food security in West Africa: socioeconomic perspective”, International Journal of Social Economics, doi: 10.1108/IJSE-11- 2017-0538. Ulasan, B. (2015), “Trade openness and economic growth: panel evidence”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 163-167. Vamvakidis, A. (1999), “Regional trade agreements or broad liberalization: which path leads to faster growth?”, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 46 March, pp. 42-68. Vanhoudt, P. (1999), “Did the European unification induce economic growth? In search of scale effects and persistent Changes”, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 135 No. 2, pp. 193-220. Viner, J. (1950), The Customs Union Issue, Oxford University Press, available at: https://books.google. com.ng/books?hl5en&lr5&id5eHlCAgAAQBAJ&oi5fnd&pg5PP1&dq5customs þunion þ issue þviner&ots5OZr83xFa1C&sig5BtCrZDCMlFN__yPklGlp7LsMoSo&redir_esc5y#v5 onepage&q5customs%20union%20issue%20viner&f5false. Wooster, R.B., Banda, T.M. and Dube, S. (2008), “The contribution of intra-regional and extra-regional trade to growth: evidence from the European Union”, Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 161-182. World Trade Agreement (2011), “The WTO and preferential trade agreements: from co-existence to coherence”, World Trade Report 2011, available at: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_ e/anrep_e/world_trade_report11_e.pdf. Were, M. (2015), “Differential effects of trade on economic growth and investment: a cross-country empirical investigation”, Journal of African Trade, Vol. 2, pp. 71-85. Younes, H. (2010a), “The contribution of trade to growth of the Arab countries”, Conference on Empirical Investigation in Trade and Investment Tokyo, Japan, March 11-13, 2010, available at: https://www.freit.org/WorkingPapers/Papers/Other/FREIT097.pdf. Younes, H. (2010b), “The contribution of trade to growth of the Arab countries”, Conference on Empirical Investigation in Trade and Investment, pp. 11-13, available at: https://www.freit.org/ WorkingPapers/Papers/Other/FREIT097.pdf. Zahonogo, P. (2016), “Trade and economic growth in developing countries: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa”, Journal of African Trade, Vol. 3, pp. 41-56. | |
Bộ sưu tập | 02. Tạp chí (Tiếng Anh) | |
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| Trường DC | Giá trị | Ngôn ngữ |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Agwu Sunday Okoro | |
| dc.contributor.other | Augustine Ujunwa | |
| dc.contributor.other | Farida Umar | |
| dc.contributor.other | Angela Ukemenam | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-01T10:24:13Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-11-01T10:24:13Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 1961-0020 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://dlib.neu.edu.vn/handle/NEU/58688 | - |
| dc.description | international business administration | |
| dc.description.abstract | Purpose – This paper examines the impact of regional and non-regional trade on economic growth using annual data from Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member countries for the period 2007 to 2017. Design/methodology/approach – Trade data were decomposed into regional (trade among ECOWAS Member States) and non-regional (trade between ECOWAS Member States and the rest of the world). We used the dynamic system GMM to estimate the models and introduced exchange rate, unemployment rate, population growth and gross capital formation as controlled variables. Findings – The results revealed that the estimated coefficient of ECOWAS regional trade is statistically significant and positive in predicting growth, while the non-regional trade coefficient is negative and not statistically significant in predicting growth. Other predictors of growth introduced into the model as controlled variables, such as exchange rate, unemployment rate, population growth and gross capital formation, displayed mixed results. More importantly, population growth, unemployment and exchange rate depreciation hurt economic growth, while gross capital formation promotes economic growth. Practical implications – The findings provide strong support in favour of the Krugman (1991) hypothesis that regional trade agreements (RTAs) are a better alternative to global trade. Originality/value – Our decision to disaggregate ECOWAS trade is unique and influenced largely by the objective of the study, which is to establish the type of ECOWAS trade that is a good predictor of growth. The evidence from our findings support the theory that RTAs are a better catalyst to economic growth. | |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 1. Introduction; 2. Review of related literature; 3. Methodology; 4. Discussion of results; 5. Conclusion and policy implication | |
| dc.format.extent | Khổ 21 x 29.7 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Kinh Tế Quốc Dân | |
| dc.subject | Regional and non-regional trade | |
| dc.subject | Economic growth | |
| dc.subject | ECOWAS | |
| dc.subject | Dynamic panel GMM | |
| dc.title | Does regional trade promote economic growth? Evidence from Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) | |
| dc.type | Journal of Economics and Development | |
| dc.identifier.barcode | 10-1108_JED-10-2019-0039 | |
| dc.relation.reference | Afangideh, U.J., Ujunwa, A. and Ukemenam, A.I. (2018), “ Oil prices, armed conflict and government revenue in Nigeria” , International Journal of Emerging Markets, Vol. 13 No. 5, pp. 1196-1210. Almeida, R. and Fernandes, A.M. (2008), “Openness and technological innovations in developing countries: evidence from firm-level surveys”, The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 44 No. 5, pp. 701-727. Arellano, M. and Bond, S. (1991), “Some tests of specification in panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations”, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 58 No. 2, pp. 277-297. Autor, D.H., Dorn, D. and Hanson, G. (2013), “The China syndrome: local labor market effects of import competition in the United States”, American Economic Review, Vol. 103 No. 6, pp. 2121-2168. Autor, D.H., Dorn, D., Hanson, G.H. and Song, J. (2014), “Trade adjustment: worker-level evidence”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 129 No. 4, pp. 1799-1860. Bassanini, A., Scarpetta, S. and Hemmings, P. (2001), “Economic growth: the role of policies and institutions. Panel data evidence from OECD countries”, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Working Paper ECO/WKP(2009)9, available at: http://www.oecd. org/fr/economie/croissance/34592960.pdf. Beaton, K., Cebotari, A. and Komaromi, A. (2017), “Revisiting the link between trade, growth and inequality: lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean”, IMF Working Paper WP/17/ 46, pp. 1-42. Bergsten, C.F. (1991), “Commentary: the move toward free trade zones, Federal reserve bank of Kinsas city economic review”, available at: https://www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/sympos/1991/ S91bergs.PDF. Blundell, R. and Bond, S. (1998), “Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 87, pp. 115-143. Bond, S. (2002), “Dynamic panel data models: a guide to micro data methods and practice”, Working Paper CWP09/02, Institute for Fiscal Studies, Cemmap, available at: http://cemmap.ifs.org.uk/ wps/cwp0209.pdf. Buongiorno, J., Johnston, C. and Zhu, S. (2017), “An assessment of gains and losses from international trade in the forest sector”, Forest Policy and Economics, Vol. 80, pp. 209-217. Chang, R., Kaltani, L. and Loayza, N.V. (2009), “Openness can be good for growth: the role of policy complementarities”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 90 No. 1, pp. 33-49. Chaudhuria, S. and Marjit, S. (2017), “International trade and quality of labour”, International Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 49, pp. 582-595. Economic Commission for Africa (2013), Two Decades of Trade Liberalisation and Market Expansion in Eastern Africa: Towards a New Economic Geography?, available at: https://www.uneca.org/ sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/two_decades_of_trade_liberalisation.pdf. Edward, S. (1992), “Trade orientation, distortions and growth in developing countries”, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 39, pp. 31-57. Edwards, S. (1993), “Openness, trade liberaliization, and growth in developing countries”, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 1358-1393. Eberhard-Ruiz, A. and Moradi, A. (2019), “ Regional market integration in East Africa: local but no regional effects?” , Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 140, pp. 255-268. Fenira, M. (2015), “Trade openness and growth in developing countries: an analysis of the relationship after comparing trade indicators”, Asian Economic and Financial Review, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 468-482. Frankel, J.A. and Romer, D. (1999), “Does trade cause growth?”, American Economic Review, Vol. J89 No. 3, pp. 379-399. Fwangkwal, M.P. (2014), “Monetary integration in the ECOWAS, Central Bank of Nigeria Understanding Monetary Policy Series” No. 37, available at: https://www.cbn.gov.ng/out/ 2016/mpd/understanding%20monetary%20policy%20series%20no%2037.pdf. Ghosal, I. (2015), “Trade-growth relationship in India in the pre and post trade agreements regime”, During the 3rd Economics and Finance Conference and 4th Economics and Finance Conference, London, UK, August 25-28, 2015, Procedia Economics and Finance 30, Rome, Italy, April 14-17, 2015, pp. 254-264. Henrekson, M., Torstensson, B. and Torstensson, R. (1997), “Growth effects of European integration”, European Economic Review, Vol. 41 No. 8, pp. 1537-1557. Jouini, J. (2015), “Linkage between international trade and economic growth in GCC countries: empirical evidence from PMG estimation approach”, The Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, Vol. 24 No. 3, pp. 341-372. Kim, D.H. and Lin, S.C. (2009), “Trade and growth at different stages of economic development”, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 45 No. 8, pp. 1211-1224. Krugman, P. (1991), “The move towards free trade zones, Federal reserve bank of Kinsas city economic review”, available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3d58/d21bd45bf38791b390 27561a93b1bf182037.pd. Krugman, P. and Lawrence, R. (1993), “Trade, jobs, and wages”, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 4478, pp. 1-33. Kim, D., Lin, S. and Suen, Y. (2016), “Trade, growth and growth volatility: new panel evidence”, International Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 45, pp. 384-399. Levine, R. and Renelt, D. (1992), “A sensitivity analysis of cross-country growth regressions”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 82 No. 4, pp. 942-963. Levy, F. and Temin, P. (2007), “Inequality and institutions in 20th Century America”, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Papers No. 13106, pp. 1-54. Lucas, R.E. (1988), “On the mechanics of economic development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 3-42. De Melo, J. and Tsikata, Y. (2014), “Regional integration in Africa: Challenges and prospects”, WIDER Working Paper 2014/037. Musila, J.W. and Yiheyis, Z. (2015), “The impact of trade openness on growth: the case of Kenya”, Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 37 No. 2, pp. 342-354. Mwaba, A. (2000), Trade Liberalization and Growth: Policy Options for African Countries in a Global Economy, African Development Bank Economic Research Paper No.60, available at: https:// www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/00157654-FR-ERP-60.PDF. Onyekwena, C. and Oloko, T.F. (2016), “Regional trade for inclusive development in West Africa”, CSEA Working Paper WPS/16/03, pp. 1-24, available at: https://www.africaportal.org/ publications/regional-trade-for-inclusive-development-in-west-africa/. Ourens, G. (2016), “Trade and growth with heterogeneous firms revisited”, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 100, pp. 194-202. Onder, A.S. and Yilmazkuday, H. (2016), “Trade partner diversification and growth: how trade links matter”, Journal of Macroeconomics, Vol. 50, pp. 241-258. Pavcnik, N. (2017), “ The impact of trade on inequality in developing countries” , Paper Presented at the Jackson Hole Economic Policy Symposiu m of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, in August 24–27. Pierce, J.R. and Schott, P.K. (2016), “ The surprisingly swift decline of US manufacturi ng employment” , American Economic Review, Vol. 106 No. 7, pp. 1632-1662. Pierce, J.R. and Schott, P.K. (2017), “Trade liberalization and mortality: evidence from US counties”, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No.22849, Massachusetts, available at: https://www.nber.org/papers/w22849.pdf. Romer, P.M. (1986), “Increasing returns and long-run growth”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 94 No. 5, pp. 1002-1037. Roodman, D. (2006), “How to do xtabond2: an introduction to “difference” and “system” GMM in stata”, Centre for Global Developmental, Working Paper Number 103, pp. 1-51. Roodman, D.M. (2009), “How to do xtabond2: an introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata”, Stata Journal, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 86-136. Roodman, D.M. (2009), “A note on the theme of too many instruments”, Oxford Bulletin of Economic Statistics, Vol. 71 No. 1, pp. 135-158. Sarafidis, V., Yamagata, T. and Robertson, D. (2009), “A test of cross section dependence for a linear dynamic panel model with regressors”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 148 No. 2, pp. 149-161. Sobdersten, B. and Reed, G. (1994), International Economics, 3rd ed., Macmillian Press, USA. Ujunwa, A., Okoyeuzu, C. and Kalu, E.U. (2018), “Armed conflict and Food security in West Africa: socioeconomic perspective”, International Journal of Social Economics, doi: 10.1108/IJSE-11- 2017-0538. Ulasan, B. (2015), “Trade openness and economic growth: panel evidence”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 163-167. Vamvakidis, A. (1999), “Regional trade agreements or broad liberalization: which path leads to faster growth?”, IMF Staff Papers, Vol. 46 March, pp. 42-68. Vanhoudt, P. (1999), “Did the European unification induce economic growth? In search of scale effects and persistent Changes”, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Vol. 135 No. 2, pp. 193-220. Viner, J. (1950), The Customs Union Issue, Oxford University Press, available at: https://books.google. com.ng/books?hl5en&lr5&id5eHlCAgAAQBAJ&oi5fnd&pg5PP1&dq5customs þunion þ issue þviner&ots5OZr83xFa1C&sig5BtCrZDCMlFN__yPklGlp7LsMoSo&redir_esc5y#v5 onepage&q5customs%20union%20issue%20viner&f5false. Wooster, R.B., Banda, T.M. and Dube, S. (2008), “The contribution of intra-regional and extra-regional trade to growth: evidence from the European Union”, Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 161-182. World Trade Agreement (2011), “The WTO and preferential trade agreements: from co-existence to coherence”, World Trade Report 2011, available at: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_ e/anrep_e/world_trade_report11_e.pdf. Were, M. (2015), “Differential effects of trade on economic growth and investment: a cross-country empirical investigation”, Journal of African Trade, Vol. 2, pp. 71-85. Younes, H. (2010a), “The contribution of trade to growth of the Arab countries”, Conference on Empirical Investigation in Trade and Investment Tokyo, Japan, March 11-13, 2010, available at: https://www.freit.org/WorkingPapers/Papers/Other/FREIT097.pdf. Younes, H. (2010b), “The contribution of trade to growth of the Arab countries”, Conference on Empirical Investigation in Trade and Investment, pp. 11-13, available at: https://www.freit.org/ WorkingPapers/Papers/Other/FREIT097.pdf. Zahonogo, P. (2016), “Trade and economic growth in developing countries: evidence from sub-Saharan Africa”, Journal of African Trade, Vol. 3, pp. 41-56. | |
Bộ sưu tập | 02. Tạp chí (Tiếng Anh) | |
